Chile (Central Region - Santiago de Chile)
Plaza de Armas
The Plaza de Armas is the epicentre of Santiago, both literally - it’s where all distances to the rest of Chile are measured from - and symbolically. It was the first public space laid out when the city was founded in 1541 and quickly became the nucleus of Santiago’s administrative, commercial and social life. This is where the young capital’s most important seats of power - the law courts, the governor’s palace, and the cathedral - were built, and where its markets, bullfights, festivals and other public activities took place. Four and a half centuries on, this is still where the city’s pulse beats loudest, and half an hour’s people-watching here makes for perhaps the best introduction to Santiago.
Standing on the northern side of the square is the splendid Palacio de la Real Audiencia, an immaculately preserved colonial building that today houses the Museo Histórico Nacional (March-Dec Tues-Sun 10am-5.30pm; Jan & Feb Tues-Sat 10am-5.30pm, Sun 10am-1.30pm; CH$500, free on Sun) where military uniforms and suits of armour jostle for space with old furniture, sewing machines and women’s clothes. 

The west side of the square is dominated by the grandiose bulk of the Cathedral (Mon-Sat 9am-7pm, Sun 9am-noon). A combination of Neoclassical and Baroque styles, with its orderly columns and pediment, and its ornate bell towers, the cathedral is the fifth church to be built on this site - the first was burnt down by Indians just months after it was built, and the others were destroyed by earthquakes in 1552, 1647 and 1730. Inside, take a look at the main altar, carved out of marble and richly embellished with bronze and lapis lazuli. 

Note also the intricately crafted silver frontal, which was made by Bavarian Jesuits in the sixteenth century. You’ll find more examples of the Jesuits’ exquisite silverwork in the Museo de Arte Sagrado (Mon 10.30am-1.30pm & 3.30-6.30pm; free) tucked away behind the main body of the cathedral, along with religious paintings, sculpture and furniture.